ALT+SPACEBAR - Display the current window’s system menu
SHIFT+F10 - Display the item's context menu
CTRL+ESC - Display the Start menu
ALT+TAB - Switch to the window you last used
ALT+F4 - Close the current window or quit
CTRL+A - Select all items
CTRL+X - Cut selected item(s)
CTRL+C - Copy selected item(s)
CTRL+V - Paste item(s)
CTRL+Z - Undo last action
CTRL+(+) - Automatically resize the columns in the right hand pane
TAB - Move forward through options
ALT+RIGHT ARROW - Move forward to a previous view
ALT+LEFT ARROW - Move backward to a previous view
SHIFT+DELETE - Delete an item immediately
BACKSPACE - View the folder one level up
ALT+ENTER - View an item’s properties
F10 - Activate the menu bar in programs
F6 - Switch between left and right panes
F5 - Refresh window contents
F3 - Display Find application
F2 - Rename selected item
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Sunday, October 17, 2010
Windows XP Shortcuts
Windows XP Shortcuts:
Code:
ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
child window's System menu
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+SPACEBAR Display the System menu for the active window
ALT+TAB Switch between open items
ALT+Underlined letter Display the corresponding menu
BACKSPACE View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer
CTRL+A Select all
CTRL+B Bold
CTRL+C Copy
CTRL+I Italics
CTRL+O Open an item
CTRL+U Underline
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+F4 Close the active document
CTRL while dragging Copy selected item
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging Create shortcut to selected iteM
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word
CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the
previous paragraph
SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item
in the Recycle Bin
ESC Cancel the current task
F1 Displays Help
F2 Rename selected item
F3 Search for a file or folder
F4 Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer
F5 Refresh the active window
F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program
SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu
SHIFT+CTRL+ESC Launches Task Manager
SHIFT when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing
WIN Display or hide the Start menu
WIN+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box
WIN+D Minimizes all Windows and shows the Desktop
WIN+E Open Windows Explorer
WIN+F Search for a file or folder
WIN+F+CTRL Search for computers
WIN+L Locks the desktop
WIN+M Minimize or restore all windows
WIN+R Open the Run dialog box
WIN+TAB Switch between open items
Code:
ALT+- (ALT+hyphen) Displays the Multiple Document Interface (MDI)
child window's System menu
ALT+ENTER View properties for the selected item
ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order they were opened
ALT+F4 Close the active item, or quit the active program
ALT+SPACEBAR Display the System menu for the active window
ALT+TAB Switch between open items
ALT+Underlined letter Display the corresponding menu
BACKSPACE View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer
CTRL+A Select all
CTRL+B Bold
CTRL+C Copy
CTRL+I Italics
CTRL+O Open an item
CTRL+U Underline
CTRL+V Paste
CTRL+X Cut
CTRL+Z Undo
CTRL+F4 Close the active document
CTRL while dragging Copy selected item
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging Create shortcut to selected iteM
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word
CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word
CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph
CTRL+UP ARROW Move the insertion point to the beginning of the
previous paragraph
SHIFT+DELETE Delete selected item permanently without placing the item
in the Recycle Bin
ESC Cancel the current task
F1 Displays Help
F2 Rename selected item
F3 Search for a file or folder
F4 Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer
F5 Refresh the active window
F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program
SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
CTRL+ESC Display the Start menu
SHIFT+CTRL+ESC Launches Task Manager
SHIFT when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing
WIN Display or hide the Start menu
WIN+BREAK Display the System Properties dialog box
WIN+D Minimizes all Windows and shows the Desktop
WIN+E Open Windows Explorer
WIN+F Search for a file or folder
WIN+F+CTRL Search for computers
WIN+L Locks the desktop
WIN+M Minimize or restore all windows
WIN+R Open the Run dialog box
WIN+TAB Switch between open items
speed up internet
Speed up ur internet speed
Microsoft reserves 20% of your available bandwidth for their own
purposes like Windows Updates and interrogating your PC etc
You can get it back:
Click Start then Run and type "gpedit.msc" without quotes.This opens
the group policy editor. Then go to:
Local Computer Policy
then Computer Configuration
then Administrative Templates then Network then QOS Packet Scheduler
and then to Limit Reservable Bandwidth.
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not
configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab i.e."By default,
the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth
of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the
default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO.
This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default
20%. 6/30/07 Ben.T.Ge?rge,
Increase the speed of your internet connection...
As more and more people get quick connections to the internet, such as
cable or ADSL, it becomes apparent to the user of a simple dial-up
modem that the World Wide Web can quickly turn into the World Wide
Wait. Here a trick that can help speed up your current modem without
shelling out the big bucks.
There is a setting located in your windows registry called the Maximum
Transfer Unit (MTU). This determines the size of the packets of data
sent between your and your server. In Windows 95, this setting is has
a value of 1,500 bytes when the actual size of internet packets is
1,000 bytes. This can sometimes slow things down. To remedy the
situation, simply follow these steps:
In the registry editor (Start > Run > regedit.exe), navigate to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans.
In the NetTrans folder you should find another folder named "000x" in
which x represents a fourth digit. Right-click on the "000x" folder
and select New and StringValue. Rename the item that appears in the
panel on the right side to MaxMTU, then double-click it to bring up
the Edit String box and give it a velue of 1002.
Remember to keep playing with the MaxMTU value until you feel that
your internet connection has greatly sped up. Some people report huge
speed gains using this tricks, while others hardly notice a
difference. In any case, it's definetly worth a try.
Microsoft reserves 20% of your available bandwidth for their own
purposes like Windows Updates and interrogating your PC etc
You can get it back:
Click Start then Run and type "gpedit.msc" without quotes.This opens
the group policy editor. Then go to:
Local Computer Policy
then Computer Configuration
then Administrative Templates then Network then QOS Packet Scheduler
and then to Limit Reservable Bandwidth.
Double click on Limit Reservable bandwidth. It will say it is not
configured, but the truth is under the 'Explain' tab i.e."By default,
the Packet Scheduler limits the system to 20 percent of the bandwidth
of a connection, but you can use this setting to override the
default."
So the trick is to ENABLE reservable bandwidth, then set it to ZERO.
This will allow the system to reserve nothing, rather than the default
20%. 6/30/07 Ben.T.Ge?rge,
Increase the speed of your internet connection...
As more and more people get quick connections to the internet, such as
cable or ADSL, it becomes apparent to the user of a simple dial-up
modem that the World Wide Web can quickly turn into the World Wide
Wait. Here a trick that can help speed up your current modem without
shelling out the big bucks.
There is a setting located in your windows registry called the Maximum
Transfer Unit (MTU). This determines the size of the packets of data
sent between your and your server. In Windows 95, this setting is has
a value of 1,500 bytes when the actual size of internet packets is
1,000 bytes. This can sometimes slow things down. To remedy the
situation, simply follow these steps:
In the registry editor (Start > Run > regedit.exe), navigate to
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\NetTrans.
In the NetTrans folder you should find another folder named "000x" in
which x represents a fourth digit. Right-click on the "000x" folder
and select New and StringValue. Rename the item that appears in the
panel on the right side to MaxMTU, then double-click it to bring up
the Edit String box and give it a velue of 1002.
Remember to keep playing with the MaxMTU value until you feel that
your internet connection has greatly sped up. Some people report huge
speed gains using this tricks, while others hardly notice a
difference. In any case, it's definetly worth a try.
Friday, October 8, 2010
i3
Intel Core is a brand name used for various mid-range to high-end consumer and business microprocessors.
In general, processors sold as Core are more powerful variants of the same processors marketed as entry-level Celeron and Pentium. Similarly, identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server market.
The current lineup of Core processors includes the latest Intel Core i7, Intel Core i5 and Intel Core i3, and the older Intel Core 2 Solo, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad and Intel Core 2 Extreme lines.[1]
The original Core brand refers to Intel's 32-bit mobile dual-core x86 CPUs that derived from the Pentium M branded processors. The processor family used a more enhanced version of the Intel P6 microarchitecture. It emerged in parallel with the NetBurst microarchitecture (Intel P68) of the Pentium 4 brand, and was a precursor of the 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. The Core brand comprised two branches: the Duo (dual-core) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core, which replaced the Pentium M brand of single-core mobile processor).
The Core brand was launched on January 6, 2006 by the release of the 32-bit Yonah CPU – Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor. Its dual-core layout closely resembled two interconnected Pentium M branded CPUs packaged as a single die (piece) silicon chip (IC). Hence, the 32-bit microarchitecture of Core branded CPUs – contrary to its name – had more in common with Pentium M branded CPUs than with the subsequent 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. Despite a major rebranding effort by Intel starting January 2006, some computers with the Yonah core continued to be marked as Pentium M.
The Core series is also known for being the first Intel processor to be used as the main CPU for an Apple Macintosh computer. The Core Duo was the CPU for the first generation Macbook Pro while the Core Solo appeared in Apple's Mac Mini line. Core Duo signified the beginning of Apple's shift to Intel processors across their entire line.
In 2007, Intel began branding the Yonah core CPUs intended for mainstream mobile computers as Pentium Dual-Core. These are not to be confused with the desktop 64-bit Core microarchitecture CPUs also branded as Pentium Dual-Core.
September 2007 and January 4, 2008 mark a discontinuation of many Core branded CPUs
The successor to Core is the mobile version of the Intel Core 2 line of processors using cores based upon the Intel Core microarchitecture,[6] released on July 27, 2006. The release of the mobile version of Intel Core 2 marks the reunification of Intel's desktop and mobile product lines as Core 2 processors were released for desktops and notebooks, unlike the first Intel Core CPUs that were targeted only for notebooks (although some small form factor and all-in-one desktops, like the iMac and the Mac Mini, also used Core processors).
Unlike the Intel Core, Intel Core 2 is a 64-bit processor, supporting Intel 64. Another difference between the original Core Duo and the new Core 2 Duo is an increase in the amount of Level 2 cache. The new Core 2 Duo has tripled the amount of on-board cache to 6 MB. Core 2 also introduced a quad-core performance variant to the single- and dual-core chips, branded Core 2 Quad, as well as an enthusiast variant, Core 2 Extreme. All three chips are manufactured at a 65 nm lithography, and in 2008, a 45 nm lithography and support Front Side Bus speeds ranging from 533 MHz to 1600 MHz. In addition, the 45 nm die shrink of the Core microarchitecture adds SSE4.1 support to all Core 2 microprocessors manufactured at a 45 nm lithography, therefore increasing the calculation rate of the processors.
In general, processors sold as Core are more powerful variants of the same processors marketed as entry-level Celeron and Pentium. Similarly, identical or more capable versions of Core processors are also sold as Xeon processors for the server market.
The current lineup of Core processors includes the latest Intel Core i7, Intel Core i5 and Intel Core i3, and the older Intel Core 2 Solo, Intel Core 2 Duo, Intel Core 2 Quad and Intel Core 2 Extreme lines.[1]
Brand | Desktop | Laptop | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Code-named | Cores | Fab | Date released | Code-named | Cores | Fab | Date released | |
Core Solo | | Yonah | 1 | 65 nm | Jan 2006 | |||
Core Duo | | Yonah | 2 | 65 nm | Jan 2006 | |||
Core 2 Solo | | Merom-L Penryn-3M | 1 1 | 65 nm 45 nm | Sep 2007 May 2008 | |||
Core 2 Duo | Conroe Allendale Wolfdale | 2 2 2 | 65 nm 65 nm 45 nm | Aug 2006 Jan 2007 Jan 2008 | Merom Penryn | 2 2 | 65 nm 45 nm | Jul 2006 Jan 2008 |
Core 2 Quad | Kentsfield Yorkfield | 4 4 | 65 nm 45 nm | Jan 2007 Mar 2008 | Penryn | 4 | 45 nm | Aug 2008 |
Core 2 Extreme | Conroe XE Kentsfield XE Yorkfield XE | 2 4 4 | 65 nm 65 nm 45 nm | Jul 2006 Nov 2006 Nov 2007 | Merom XE Penryn XE Penryn XE | 2 2 4 | 65 nm 45 nm 45 nm | Jul 2007 Jan 2008 Aug 2008 |
Core i3 | Clarkdale | 2 | 32 nm | Jan 2010 | Arrandale | 2 | 32 nm | Jan 2010 |
Core i5 | Lynnfield Clarkdale | 4 2 | 45 nm 32 nm | Sep 2009 Jan 2010 | Arrandale | 2 | 32 nm | Jan 2010 |
Core i7 | Bloomfield Lynnfield Gulftown | 4 4 6 | 45 nm 45 nm 32 nm | Nov 2008 Sep 2009 Jul 2010 | Clarksfield Arrandale | 4 2 | 45 nm 32 nm | Sep 2009 Jan 2010 |
Core i7 Extreme Edition | Bloomfield Gulftown | 4 6 | 45 nm 32 nm | Nov 2008 March 2010 | Clarksfield | 4 | 45 nm | Sep 2009 |
The original Core brand refers to Intel's 32-bit mobile dual-core x86 CPUs that derived from the Pentium M branded processors. The processor family used a more enhanced version of the Intel P6 microarchitecture. It emerged in parallel with the NetBurst microarchitecture (Intel P68) of the Pentium 4 brand, and was a precursor of the 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. The Core brand comprised two branches: the Duo (dual-core) and Solo (Duo with one disabled core, which replaced the Pentium M brand of single-core mobile processor).
The Core brand was launched on January 6, 2006 by the release of the 32-bit Yonah CPU – Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor. Its dual-core layout closely resembled two interconnected Pentium M branded CPUs packaged as a single die (piece) silicon chip (IC). Hence, the 32-bit microarchitecture of Core branded CPUs – contrary to its name – had more in common with Pentium M branded CPUs than with the subsequent 64-bit Core microarchitecture of Core 2 branded CPUs. Despite a major rebranding effort by Intel starting January 2006, some computers with the Yonah core continued to be marked as Pentium M.
The Core series is also known for being the first Intel processor to be used as the main CPU for an Apple Macintosh computer. The Core Duo was the CPU for the first generation Macbook Pro while the Core Solo appeared in Apple's Mac Mini line. Core Duo signified the beginning of Apple's shift to Intel processors across their entire line.
In 2007, Intel began branding the Yonah core CPUs intended for mainstream mobile computers as Pentium Dual-Core. These are not to be confused with the desktop 64-bit Core microarchitecture CPUs also branded as Pentium Dual-Core.
September 2007 and January 4, 2008 mark a discontinuation of many Core branded CPUs
The successor to Core is the mobile version of the Intel Core 2 line of processors using cores based upon the Intel Core microarchitecture,[6] released on July 27, 2006. The release of the mobile version of Intel Core 2 marks the reunification of Intel's desktop and mobile product lines as Core 2 processors were released for desktops and notebooks, unlike the first Intel Core CPUs that were targeted only for notebooks (although some small form factor and all-in-one desktops, like the iMac and the Mac Mini, also used Core processors).
Unlike the Intel Core, Intel Core 2 is a 64-bit processor, supporting Intel 64. Another difference between the original Core Duo and the new Core 2 Duo is an increase in the amount of Level 2 cache. The new Core 2 Duo has tripled the amount of on-board cache to 6 MB. Core 2 also introduced a quad-core performance variant to the single- and dual-core chips, branded Core 2 Quad, as well as an enthusiast variant, Core 2 Extreme. All three chips are manufactured at a 65 nm lithography, and in 2008, a 45 nm lithography and support Front Side Bus speeds ranging from 533 MHz to 1600 MHz. In addition, the 45 nm die shrink of the Core microarchitecture adds SSE4.1 support to all Core 2 microprocessors manufactured at a 45 nm lithography, therefore increasing the calculation rate of the processors.
15
On September 8, 2009, Intel released the first Core i5 processor: The Core i5 750,[1] which is a 2.66 GHz quad-core Lynnfield processor with Hyper-threading disabled. Lynnfield Core i5 processors have an 8 MB L3 cache, a DMI bus running at 2.5 GT/s and support for dual-channel DDR3-800/1066/1333 memory. The same processors with different sets of features (Hyper-Threading and other clock frequencies) enabled are sold as Core i7-8xx and Xeon 3400-series processors, which should not be confused with high-end Core i7-9xx and Xeon 3500-series processors based on Bloomfield.
The Core i5-5xxx mobile processors are named Arrandale and based on the 32 nm Westmere shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture. Arrandale processors have integrated graphics capability but only two processor cores. They were released in January 2010, together with Core i7-6xx and Core i3-3xx processors based on the same chip. The L3 cache in Core i5-5xx processors is reduced to 3 MB, while the Core i5-6xx will use the full cache and the Core i3-3xx will have no support for Turbo Boost[2]. Clarkdale, the desktop version of Arrandale, is sold as Core i5-6xx, along with related Core i3 and Pentium brands. It has Hyper-Threading enabled and the full 4 MB L3 cache.[3]
The Core i5-5xxx mobile processors are named Arrandale and based on the 32 nm Westmere shrink of the Nehalem microarchitecture. Arrandale processors have integrated graphics capability but only two processor cores. They were released in January 2010, together with Core i7-6xx and Core i3-3xx processors based on the same chip. The L3 cache in Core i5-5xx processors is reduced to 3 MB, while the Core i5-6xx will use the full cache and the Core i3-3xx will have no support for Turbo Boost[2]. Clarkdale, the desktop version of Arrandale, is sold as Core i5-6xx, along with related Core i3 and Pentium brands. It has Hyper-Threading enabled and the full 4 MB L3 cache.[3]
i7 processor
Intel Core i7 is an Intel brand name for several families of desktop and laptop 64-bit x86-64 processors using the Nehalem, Westmere, and upcoming Sandy Bridge microarchitectures. The "Core i7" brand is marketed for the business and high-end consumer markets and is intended to differentiate these processors from Core i5 processors intended for the main-stream consumer market and Core i3 processors intended for the entry-level consumer market.
"Core i7" is a successor to the Intel Core 2 brand.[1][2][3][4] The Core i7 identifier was first applied to the initial family of processors[5][6] codenamed Bloomfield introduced in 2008. In 2009 the name was applied to Lynnfield and Clarksfield models.[7] Prior to 2010, all models were quad-core processors. In 2010, the name was applied to dual-core Arrandale models, and the Gulftown Core i7-980X Extreme processor which has six hyperthreaded cores.
Intel representatives state that the moniker Core i7 is meant to help consumers decide which processor to purchase as the newer Nehalem-based products are released in the future.[8] The name continues the use of the Intel Core brand.[9] Core i7, first assembled in Costa Rica,[10] was officially launched on November 17, 2008[11] and is manufactured in Arizona, New Mexico and Oregon, though the Oregon (PTD, Fab D1D) plant has moved to the next generation 32 nm process.
"Core i7" is a successor to the Intel Core 2 brand.[1][2][3][4] The Core i7 identifier was first applied to the initial family of processors[5][6] codenamed Bloomfield introduced in 2008. In 2009 the name was applied to Lynnfield and Clarksfield models.[7] Prior to 2010, all models were quad-core processors. In 2010, the name was applied to dual-core Arrandale models, and the Gulftown Core i7-980X Extreme processor which has six hyperthreaded cores.
Intel representatives state that the moniker Core i7 is meant to help consumers decide which processor to purchase as the newer Nehalem-based products are released in the future.[8] The name continues the use of the Intel Core brand.[9] Core i7, first assembled in Costa Rica,[10] was officially launched on November 17, 2008[11] and is manufactured in Arizona, New Mexico and Oregon, though the Oregon (PTD, Fab D1D) plant has moved to the next generation 32 nm process.
Codename (main article) | Logo | New Logo | Brand name (list) | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | Min. feature size | I/O Bus | Release Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gulftown | Core i7-980X Extreme Edition | 12 MB | LGA 1366 | 130 W | 32 nm | QuickPath | Mar 2010 | ||
Bloomfield | Core i7-9xx Extreme Edition | 8 MB | 45 nm | Nov 2008 | |||||
Core i7-9xx | |||||||||
Lynnfield | Core i7-8xx | LGA 1156 | 95 W | Direct Media Interface | Sep 2009 | ||||
Core i7-8xxS | 82 W | Jan 2010 | |||||||
Clarksfield | Core i7-9xxXM Extreme Edition | µPGA-989 | 55 W | Sep 2009 | |||||
Core i7-8xxQM | 45 W | ||||||||
Core i7-7xxQM | 6 MB | ||||||||
Arrandale | Core i7-6xxM | 4 MB | 35 W | 32 nm | Direct Media Interface, Integrated GPU | Jan 2010 | |||
Core i7-6xxLM | 25 W | ||||||||
Core i7-6xxUM | 18 W |
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